The Nursery Cooperative initiated activities in 1972. It was recognized at that time that nursery production in the Southeast was facing a number of critical issues influencing the cost effective production of southern pine planting stock used for reforestation. Nursery managers from forest industry, the states, and the U.S. Forest Service were facing severe pest management problems. The Nursery Cooperative, therefore, devoted considerable research effort to developing effective weed and disease control technologies, and to transfer this knowledge to those individuals in nursery management. During the 1980s, the Nursery Cooperative program moved into the area of seedling quality as research showed that nursery-related factors such as seedling size, fertility, and health affected performance after planting. The Nursery Cooperative continues work in both pest management and seedling quality issues, but now is putting increased emphasis on the environmental impact of pesticides and fertilizers in nurseries, hardwood culture, and the integration of nursery practices with site preparation and post-outplanting operations. All of these research programs are accompanied by rapid dissemination of new information to the Nursery Cooperative membership through research reports, annual meetings, newsletters, and field visits. The Nursery Cooperative increasingly represents the forest-tree nursery community of the South to the EPA and USDA regarding policy and regulatory decisions that affect the nursery business.